A team led by University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) has discovered that Pyrrodiazol as an additive in Formamidinium Jodide (FAI)-based inverted perovson-zonne-Zonne devices makes it possible to be made with industrial-compatible lock that coating. Made modules with the help of the technology reached 20.3% certified power conversion -efficiency and maintained 94% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 hours for standard tests.
An international research team led by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) has used Pyrrodiazol (PZ) additives in Formamidinium Jodide (FAI) -based inverted reversed perovskite solar cells that increase perovskiet film stability.
Reverse perovskiet cells have a device structure that is known as “pin”, where hole-selective contact P is at the bottom of intrinsic perovskiet layer I with electron transport layer N at the top. Conventional halogenide perovskiet cells have the same structure but vice versa – a “NIP” layout. In NIP architecture, the solar cell is illuminated by the electron transport layer (ETL) side; In the PIN structure it is relieved by the HTL surface.
“We have achieved the scalable preparation of homogeneous structure perovskiet films by regulating the crystallization process of perovskiet by immobilizing strategy,” said the corresponding author, Shibin Li, PV Magazine.
Both lead iodide (PBI2) and Formamidinium Jodide (FAI) benefited from the PZ immobilization strategy, making the formation of “high-quality” perovskiet films possible for the cells. “Het immobilisatie-effect, aangedreven door de vorming van Lewis-zuur-basenparen (PZ-PBI2) en waterstofbruggen (PZ-FAI), verbetert niet alleen de uniformiteit van de colloïdale grootte van de colloïdale grootte in de perovskietprecursoroplossing, maar verbetert ook de stabiliteit van de natte film door colloïde agglomeratie te remmen, de groep explained.
The Cell Stack was as follows: transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (fto) coated glass substrate, a sputtered nickel (ii) oxide (niox) film, the methyl-substituted carbazole (me-4pacz) Layer, ethmin-starfullerenefullerene Bathocuprine (BCP) Buffer Layer, Coper (CU) Contact.
The ME-4PACZ film was covered on the NIOX film surface with mescoating in air. “After that, the prepared Perovskiet proposal solution with different concentrations of additives in air were deposited by Slot-Die Coating technology,” the team said.
Real-time characterization revealed that “this approach not only shows the crystal growth process, but also ensures consistent crystallization speeds between the upper and lower layers of the perovskiet film,” the researchers explained. The process facilitates the formation of large, monolithic granules with ‘excellent uniformity’.
Based on this approach, the resulting mini modules achieved a maximum efficiency of 21.5% and a certified efficiency of 20.3%, which is part of the highest certified efficiency reported for mini -reverse perovskiet modules with an opening area of more than 50 cm2.
The results were confirmed by the Chinese National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology. The panels also appeared to maintain 94% of the initial efficiency after continuous light aging in air for 1000 hours under a relative humidity of 65%. “Our approach improves the stability of the wet film by suppressing colloidal aggregation, slowing down crystal growth, which ensures a consistent growth rate in the films,” the scientists said.
The inverted perovskite Zonnemini modules in the experiment measured 10 cm x 10 cm. Each had 11 cells in series. It is worth mentioning, the researchers mentioned that the P1, P2 and P3 description of the Series-connected modules P1 and P3 had the subcels of the module, with P2 connecting the subcels.
Further tests showed that, in modules with an opening area of 56.5 cm2, PZ improved the module efficiency from 18.2%to 21.5%, while PZ-I and PZ-II had or negligible effects (17.9%) or reduced efficiency (17.0%).
The details of the research appear in “Scalable preparation of perovskiet films with homogeneous structure through immobilizing strategy for powerful solar modules“Recently published in Nature communication. The researchers came from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Guangzhou University, China Jiliang University and Institut de Intrechche de Chimie Paris (IRCP) in France.
“We will concentrate on optimizing the efficiency and stability of perovskiet-silicon-tandem solar cells with a large area,” said Li, referring to the future direction of the research team.
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